Fastening



l UNITED STATESV PATENT GFFICE.

VILLIAM S. RICHARDSON, OF BOSTON, vMASSACIIUSFIS.

FASTEN|NG.

SPECFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 446,139, dated February 10, 1891. A

Application filed April 3, 1890. Serial No. 346,432. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM S. RICHARD- SON, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, a citizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Fastenings. of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in explaining its nature.

It is desirable to secure various articles to material, clothing, and other things by latererally-extending sections of a fastening-tube. Great difficulty, however, has been experienced in the use of such a fastening, and so far as I am aware it has not yet been successfully employed.

I will now describe my invention and refer more particularly to its advantages and also to the method of using it.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view in longitudinal section of a fasteninghaving a tubular or cylindrical shank ending in a wide iange, the end of the tube being closed. Fig. 2 represents in section said fastening provided with shallow inwardly-extending recesses or indentations upon two sides thereof, a little nearer the top than the bottom of the tube. Fig. 3 is an elevation thereof representing one of said inwardly-extending shallow recesses or indentations. Fig. 4 represents the manner of arranging the fastener with the article to be fastened, in this case shown as a ball, in relation to the material, but before they are assembled together. Fig. 5 represents them assembled but not fastened.

. Fig. 6 represents the fastening and the ball fastened to the material. Fig. 7 is a View in section of the fastened ball at right angle to that represented in Fig. 6. Fig. S is a view in plan of the hanged end of the fastening after setting. Fig. 9 is a view representing the use of the fastening in the attachment of a button to a fabric. Fig. l0 shows the use of the fastening in the securing of another form of button to the fabric. Figs.11 and l2 show the tubular sections or cylinders of the fastening provided with the indentations or recesses at different points in their length.

The fastening has the tubular section a, which mayor may not be closed at its end a', and which at its other end has a ange a2 of any desired extent or width, and integral with the tube. The tube is not entirely cylindrical throughout,e but is formed with one or more inwardly-extending shallow recesses or indent-ations a3. indentations are used, they should be upon the same level or at the same distance from the end of the fastening and should extend from the surface of the tube preferably a uni- Vhere two ,or more of these form depth, and this depth is of course greater at the center of the indentation than at either end. There will be left of the tube between the ends of the shallow recesses or indentations sections a4, which bulge or extend outwardly a slight distance, the extent of this depending upon the depth of the recesses or indentations. It is not intended, however,

that the diameter of the tube at this point shall be very much enlarged, as it is necessary that it should be within the size of the hole in theV ball, button, or other thing fastened by the tube, and through which this section of the tube must be passed before the final fastening operation. Now, if end pressure be applied to the tube, the tube is shortened by the further folding inward of the sections of the tube, of whichA the indentations a3 are the beginnings, and the` sections a4 of the tube which are in line with said indentations a3 are caused, as the tube is shortened, to be folded or extended outwardly upon a line with said indentations so that there is in the shortened tube upon the same line the inwardly-extending section or sections and the outwardly-extending sections. This provides the fastening with laterally-extending holding-sections a, there being as many sections thus extended as there are indentations in the side of the tube. As a rule, I prefer to use but two, and these laterally-extendin g sections act as anchors or heads in securin g the IOO ment toward the material as well as against au outward movementof the ball in relation to the fastening material.' In other words, it is rigidly secured in place. This end pressure upon the tube,when extended, sufficiently develops a second line of inward lfolds a7 at right angle to the yrst-named or inward folds d8 and permits the upper end of the tube to shape itself to the form of the cavity of the ball in which it is confined. The inward fold or folds thus developed vary as to extent, according to the amount of end pressure, to which the fasteningis subjected, and they act to take up the excess of metal in the fastening by such variation to such an extent that the same fastening maybe employed in securing balls, tbc., to different thicknesses of material, and this is a Very desirable and important provision. It will further be seen that while the inward folding of the metal of the tube acts as a compensating medium, it also causes an outwardly-deVeloping fold or folds of the sections of the tube, which are not folded inwardly, the action of the metal in folding inward causing the remaining sections of the tube to be folded outward, and this result is invariable or positive upon the vapplication of pressure to the end of the tube, the tube always being extended upon the line of the indentations and folded in sections, and this isa valuable feature of the fastening because it insures its perfect action in fastening an article to material at all times and under all conditions.

The method of using the fastening embraces the passing or insertion uof the tubular section thereof through a hole in the material and a hole in the article or thing to be secured to the material of a size to receive the tubular section of lthe fastening, and then causing 4o' by pressure applied to each end of the fastening the shortening of the fastening by the development of inwardly and outwardly extending or folding sections thereof. v

Having thus fully described my invention,I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesl. As an improved article of manufacture, a fastening having a tubular shank in which is formed one or more short shallow indenta- 5o tions transversely arranged on said shank, as and for the purposes described.

2. rlhe combination of a tubular rivet having a flange at one end and one or more short inward folds transversely arranged in said shank and upon the same transverse line as the inward folds and developed by them, one or more short outward folds transversely arranged in said shank, with a flanged ball, button, or cap-piece surrounding the shank of 6o the rivet and held thereon by the said short transverse outward extending fold or folds of the shank, as and for the purposes described.

VILLIAM S. RICHARDSQN. 

